Test export imagesAlternativkandidaten in den USA setzen auf Skepsis gegenüber Biden und Trump
25.03.2024, USA, New York: Donald Trump, ehemaliger Präsident der USA, trifft vor dem Strafgericht in Manhattan ein, um an einer Anhörung vor dem Prozess teilzunehmen. Ein Richter wird am Montag abwägen, wann der ehemalige Präsident vor Gericht gestellt wird. Foto: Seth Wenig/AP/dpa +++ dpa-Bildfunk +++ Seth Wenig/AP/dpa
Die USA steuern auf einen erneuten Kampf um das Weiße Haus zwischen Joe Biden und Donald Trump zu. Doch den Wünschen vieler Wählerinnen und Wähler entspricht diese Konstellation nicht, wie Umfragen zeigen. Dies könnte zur Folge haben, dass unabhängige Kandidaten oder solche kleiner Parteien bei der Präsidentschaftswahl im November eine größere Rolle spielen als in der Vergangenheit.
Zu diesen Kandidaten gehören Robert F. Kennedy Jr, Angehöriger der berühmten Politdynastie und Verschwörungstheoretiker, sowie die Grünen-Politikerin Jill Stein und der linksgerichtete afroamerikanische Philosophieprofessor und Aktivist Cornel West. Auch wenn sie schon allein von ihren Finanzmitteln her einen extrem schweren Stand haben – Einfluss auf den Wahlausgang nehmen könnten diese Alternativkandidaten möglicherweise durchaus, indem sie Biden oder Trump entscheidende Stimme wegnehmen.
Nach Einschätzung mancher Experten ist der Demokrat Biden durch die Alternativkandidaten mehr gefährdet als sein voraussichtlicher republikanischer Herausforderer Trump. Umfragen, die diese Kandidaten einschließen, „zeigen üblicherweise, dass Biden durch sie ein bisschen mehr beschädigt wird als Trump“, sagt der Politikexperte Kyle Kondik von der University of Virginia.
Die USA haben traditionell ein Zweiparteiensystem, in dem seit der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts die Demokraten und Republikaner die Besetzung des Präsidentenamts zwischen sich entscheiden. Einen Unabhängigen an der Staatsspitze gab es bislang nur einmal: Dies war der Gründervater und erste Präsident George Washington.
25.03.2024, USA, New York: Donald Trump (l), ehemaliger Präsident der USA, verlässt den Trump Tower, um an einer Anhörung vor dem Strafgericht in Manhattan teilzunehmen. Ein Richter soll entscheiden, wann dem ehemaligen US-Präsidenten der Prozess gemacht wird. Foto: Yuki Iwamura/AP/dpa +++ dpa-Bildfunk +++
25.03.2024, USA, New York: Demonstranten protestieren vor dem Strafgericht in Manhattan, während sie auf die Ankunft des ehemaligen US-Präsidenten Trump warten. Ein Richter soll entscheiden, wann dem ehemaligen US-Präsidenten der Prozess gemacht wird. Foto: Seth Wenig/AP +++ dpa-Bildfunk +++
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Trump Tower is seen on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Former President Donald Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by Michael M. Santiago / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Trump Tower is seen on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Former President Donald Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by Michael M. Santiago / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Trump Tower is seen on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Former President Donald Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by Michael M. Santiago / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Trump Tower is seen on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Former President Donald Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by Michael M. Santiago / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
Former US President Donald Trump speaks briefly to the press in a hallway outside the courtroom as he arrives for his hearing to determine the date of his trial for allegedly covering up hush money payments linked to extramarital affairs, at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Brendan McDermid / POOL / AFP)
Former US President Donald Trump arrives for his hearing to determine the date of his trial for allegedly covering up hush money payments linked to extramarital affairs, at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Brendan McDermid / POOL / AFP)
Dies heißt allerdings nicht, dass unabhängige Kandidaten oder solche kleine Parteien immer völlig bedeutungslos geblieben wären: So holte der parteilose texanische Milliardär Ross Perot 1992 immerhin fast 19 Prozent der Stimmen.
Der Grünen-Politikerin Stein wird aus dem Lager der Demokraten der Vorwurf gemacht, dass sie Hillary Clinton 2016 entscheidende Stimmen weggenommen und damit den Wahlsieg Trumps ermöglicht habe. Und schon nach dem hauchdünnen und letztlich vom Obersten Gerichtshof entschiedenen Sieg von George W. Bush gegen Al Gore im Jahr 2000 hatte es den Vorwurf gegeben, der damalige Grünen-Kandidat Ralph Nader habe Gore um den Sieg gebracht.
In diesem Jahr könnten die Alternativkandidaten von der weitverbreiteten Unzufriedenheit mit der voraussichtlichen Neuauflage des Biden-Trump-Showdowns profitieren. So ergab eine im Februar veröffentlichte ABC News/Ipsos-Umfrage, dass 59 Prozent der Wählerinnen und Wähler sowohl den 81-jährigen Biden als auch den 77-jährigen Trump für zu alt für das Präsidentenamt halten.
Und laut einer Umfrage der University of Massachusetts Amherst halten 45 Prozent eine Neuauflage des Biden-Trump-Duells für „schlecht für die Nation“ – während nur 29 Prozent dieses Duell begrüßen. Das Alter der Kandidaten ist dabei sicherlich nur einer von mehreren Faktoren. So machen Biden historisch niedrige Zustimmungsraten zu seiner Amtsführung zu schaffen, während Trump nicht nur der Kernklientel der Demokraten, sondern offenbar auch vielen parteiunabhängigen Wählern der Mitte zu extrem ist.
Dies könnte anderen Kandidaten die Chance bieten, mehr als nur Mitläufer zu sein. Der Politikberater Douglas MacKinnon sieht Kennedy im Aufschwung und sogar ein Drei-Köpfe-Rennen um die Präsidentschaft. Kennedys Aussage, dass Demokraten wie Republikaner in ihren Aufgaben gegenüber dem Land versagt hätten, komme vor allem in der jungen Wählerschaft gut an, schrieb MacKinnon auf der Politik-Website „The Hill“.
A New York City Police Department (NYPD) vehicle in front of Trump Tower on Fifth Avenue after former US President Donald Trump departed the building for his court hearing at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Donald Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Charly TRIBALLEAU / AFP)
Former US President Donald Trump speaks briefly to the press in a hallway outside the courtroom as he arrives for his hearing to determine the date of his trial for allegedly covering up hush money payments linked to extramarital affairs, at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Brendan McDermid / POOL / AFP)
A New York City Police Department (NYPD) vehicle in front of Trump Tower on Fifth Avenue after former US President Donald Trump departed the building for his court hearing at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Donald Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Charly TRIBALLEAU / AFP)
Former US President Donald Trump speaks briefly to the press in a hallway outside the courtroom as he arrives for his hearing to determine the date of his trial for allegedly covering up hush money payments linked to extramarital affairs, at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Brendan McDermid / POOL / AFP)
Former US President Donald Trump attends a hearing to determine the date of his trial for allegedly covering up hush money payments linked to extramarital affairs, at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Brendan McDermid / POOL / AFP)
Former US President Donald Trump arrives for his hearing to determine the date of his trial for allegedly covering up hush money payments linked to extramarital affairs, at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Mary Altaffer / POOL / AFP)
Former US President Donald Trump arrives for his hearing to determine the date of his trial for allegedly covering up hush money payments linked to extramarital affairs, at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by JUSTIN LANE / POOL / AFP)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Former U.S. President Donald Trump arrives for a pre-trial hearing in a hash money case in criminal court on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Spencer Platt/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by SPENCER PLATT / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Former U.S. President Donald Trump arrives for a pre-trial hearing in a hash money case in criminal court on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Spencer Platt/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by SPENCER PLATT / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Former U.S. President Donald Trump arrives for a pre-trial hearing in a hash money case in criminal court on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Spencer Platt/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by SPENCER PLATT / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Former U.S. President Donald Trump arrives for a pre-trial hearing in a hash money case in criminal court on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Spencer Platt/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by SPENCER PLATT / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Former U.S. President Donald Trump arrives for a pre-trial hearing in a hash money case in criminal court on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Spencer Platt/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by SPENCER PLATT / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - MARCH 25: Former U.S. President Donald Trump arrives for a pre-trial hearing in a hash money case in criminal court on March 25, 2024 in New York City. Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records last year, which prosecutors say was an effort to hide a potential sex scandal, both before and after the 2016 election. Judge Juan Merchan is expected to set a new start date for the trial after it was delayed following the disclosure of new documents in the case. Spencer Platt/Getty Images/AFP (Photo by SPENCER PLATT / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA / Getty Images via AFP)
Former US President Donald Trump attends a hearing to determine the date of his trial for allegedly covering up hush money payments linked to extramarital affairs, at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Brendan McDermid / POOL / AFP)
Former US President Donald Trump arrives for his hearing to determine the date of his trial for allegedly covering up hush money payments linked to extramarital affairs, at Manhattan Criminal Court in New York City on March 25, 2024. Trump faces twin legal crises today in New York, where he could see the possible seizure of his storied properties over a massive fine as he separately fights to delay a criminal trial even further. (Photo by Spencer Platt / POOL / AFP)
Kennedy, ein Neffe des 1963 ermordeten Präsidenten John F. Kennedy, könnte jedoch als Verbreiter von Verschwörungstheorien auch viele Wähler abschrecken. Er hat etwa behauptet, dass Impfungen zu Autismus führen, WLAN Krebs verursacht und Chemikalien in der Umwelt Kinder zu Transgendern machen.
Im Durchschnittswert der Umfragen, die ihn mit Biden, Trump und anderen Bewerbern vergleichen, liegt Kennedy laut der Website „RealClearPolitics“ dennoch immerhin bei 13,7 Prozent. Kondik merkt freilich an, dass die Umfragen die Zustimmung für Unabhängige häufig zu hoch ansetzten. Deren Kampagnen verlören häufig über die Zeit an Schwung.
Für Biden könnten West oder Stein möglicherweise gefährlicher werden – indem sie ihm wichtige Stimmen in den „Swing States“, den wahlentscheidenden Bundesstaaten, abnehmen. Sowohl West als auch Stein ist der Kurs des Präsidenten zu wenig links.
Eine Warnung an Biden ist, dass Stein 2016 zwar nur ein Prozent aller Stimmen holte – in einigen der „Swing States“ aber mehr Stimmen als dort der Vorsprung von Trump vor Clinton betrug. Ein späterer Bericht des US-Senats befand, eine verdeckte russische Onlinekampagne habe Steins Kandidatur gepusht.
Die Grünen-Politikerin bestreitet allerdings, damals die Wahl zugunsten von Trump gekippt zu haben. Und ihre erneute Kandidatur verteidigt sie vehement: „Wähler haben ein Recht auszuwählen, für wen sie stimmen“, sagte sie im Januar dem Kabelnetzwerk Newsnation.
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